The Family ✨
कृदन्त परिचय
Introduction to the PPP
suffix: -ta / -na / -ita
Sanskrit verbal adjectives derived from verb roots. They decline like a-stem adjectives (masc: -aḥ, fem: -ā, neut: -am) and express the meaning "having been _____" or simply "_____-ed."
Formation Rule
root + ta (most roots) / root + na (roots ending in -d, -dh, -n) / root + ita (weak roots)
The suffix -ta often triggers internal sandhi: final consonants change before -ta. गम् → गत (gata), वच् → उक्त (ukta), दृश् → दृष्ट (dṛṣṭa). The root's final consonant assimilates or transforms.
गम् (gam — to go)[gam + ta → gata (m drops before t)]
कृ (kṛ — to do)[kṛ + ta → kṛta]
वच् (vac — to speak)[vac + ta → ukta (v drops, a → u)]
ज्ञा (jñā — to know)[jñā + ta → jñāta]
दृश् (dṛś — to see)[dṛś + ta → dṛṣṭa (ś + t → ṣṭ)]
श्रु (śru — to hear)[śru + ta → śruta]