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Gargi & Ridhaan ✨

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परिचय — Introduction

समास परिचय

Samāsa — The Art of Compounding

paricaya

A samāsa joins two nouns (or adjective + noun) into one word. The first member (पूर्वपद, pūrvapada) loses its case ending; the second member (उत्तरपद, uttarapada) retains its final form. The compound is then declined as a whole.

Formation Rule

pūrvapada (no case ending) + uttarapada → compound

Sandhi applies at the junction: rāja + putra → rājaputra. The meaning of the lost case ending must be reconstructed from context and compound type.

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राजपुत्रःrājaputraḥ

king's son / prince

राज(rāja: king (< rājan))+पुत्र(putra: son)

Genitive tatpuruṣa: son of the king

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देवदत्तdevadatta

given by god / god-given (a name)

देव(deva: god)+दत्त(datta: given (PPP of दा))

Instrumental tatpuruṣa: given by deva

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वनवासःvanavāsaḥ

forest-dwelling / life in the forest

वन(vana: forest)+वास(vāsa: dwelling / stay)

Locative tatpuruṣa: dwelling in-the-forest

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राष्ट्रपतिःrāṣṭrapatiḥ

head of state / president

राष्ट्र(rāṣṭra: nation / realm)+पति(pati: lord / master)

Genitive tatpuruṣa: master of the nation