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Class 7, 8Medium📐 grammarNCERT · CBSE

Imperative — Loṭ Lakāra (Command Form)

आज्ञार्थ — लोट् लकार (आदेश)

How to Give Commands in Sanskrit · "Satyam Vada" · NCERT Class 7-8

Key Points to Remember

▸Loṭ Lakāra = imperative; used for commands and requests
▸2nd person singular ends in -a: gaccha! paṭha! vada!
▸"Satyam vada, dharmam cara" = speak truth, walk in dharma (Taittirīya Upanishad) — most famous Sanskrit command
▸Plural imperative adds -ta: paṭhata (all of you read), gacchata (all of you go)

Grammar Explained

Root: √gam + √paṭh + √vadImperative forms (commands) of three common verbsImperative (Loṭ Lakāra)

The Loṭ Lakāra (imperative) is used to give commands ("Go!", "Read!", "Speak!"). The 2nd person forms are most common. Singular: -a | Dual: -tam | Plural: -ta

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
√gam — Go!	गच्छ (gaccha)	गच्छतम् (gacchatam)	गच्छत (gacchata)
√paṭh — Read!	पठ (paṭha)	पठतम् (paṭhatam)	पठत (paṭhata)
√vad — Speak!	वद (vada)	वदतम् (vadatam)	वदत (vadata)

Example Sentences

सत्यम् वद। धर्मम् चर।

Satyam vada. Dharmam cara.

Speak the truth. Walk in dharma. (Taittirīya Upanishad 1.11.1 — the key "graduation address" of ancient India)

हे छात्र! अत्र आगच्छ। पठ।

He chātra! atra āgaccha. Paṭha.

O student! Come here. Read.

हे राम! वनम् गच्छ।

He Rāma! vanam gaccha.

O Rāma! Go to the forest.

Exercises (2)

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Write the imperative form

1. "Read!" (singular, √paṭh):

Show answer

पठ (paṭha)

2. "Go!" (singular, √gam):

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गच्छ (gaccha)

3. "Speak the truth!" (singular, √vad + satyam):

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सत्यम् वद (satyam vada)

4. "Read (all of you)!" (plural, √paṭh):

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पठत (paṭhata)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Identify the form

1. "वद" (vada — speak!) is in which lakāra?

A. Laṭ (present)B. Loṭ (imperative)C. Laṅ (past)D. Vidhiliṅ (potential)

Show answer

Loṭ (imperative)

2. "Satyam vada dharmam cara" is the graduation instruction from which text?

A. Bhagavad GitaB. ManusmṛtiC. Taittirīya Upanishad 1.11.1D. Rāmāyaṇa

Show answer

Taittirīya Upanishad 1.11.1

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