Vibhakti in Sentences — Practice
विभक्ति — वाक्यों में अभ्यास
Identify Vibhaktis in Full Sanskrit Sentences · NCERT Exam Style
Key Points to Remember
- ▸Find the verb first — all vibhaktis are defined relative to the action
- ▸Subject (Prathamā) and verb must agree in number: singular/dual/plural
- ▸Multiple vibhaktis can appear in one sentence — each noun has its own
- ▸Practice parsing NCERT sentences in this order: verb → Prathamā → Dvitīyā → others
Grammar Explained
This worksheet practices identifying vibhaktis in real Sanskrit sentences from NCERT Ruchira. Underline each noun/pronoun and identify its vibhakti and why.
Step-by-step sentence analysis
1. Find the verb. 2. Ask "who does it?" → Prathamā. 3. Ask "whom/what?" → Dvitīyā. 4. Ask "by what means?" → Tṛtīyā. 5. Ask "for whom?" → Caturthī. 6. Ask "from where?" → Pañcamī. 7. Ask "whose?" → Ṣaṣṭhī. 8. Ask "where?" → Saptamī.
बालकः विद्यालयात् गृहम् आगच्छति।
Bālakaḥ vidyālayāt gṛham āgacchati.
The boy comes home from school. | बालकः = Prathamā (who comes) | विद्यालयात् = Pañcamī (from school) | गृहम् = Dvitīyā (toward home)
माता पुत्राय भोजनम् ददाति।
Mātā putrāya bhojanam dadāti.
Mother gives food to the son. | माता = Prathamā | पुत्राय = Caturthī (for/to son) | भोजनम् = Dvitīyā (food — object given)
Exercises (2)
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
Analyse these sentences — name the vibhakti of each underlined word
1. "छात्रः आचार्यस्य पुस्तकम् पठति।" — what vibhakti is "आचार्यस्य"?
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षष्ठी (Ṣaṣṭhī) — "of the teacher" (possession)
2. "सः वृक्षे आम्रम् पश्यति।" — what vibhakti is "वृक्षे"?
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सप्तमी (Saptamī) — "in / on the tree"
3. "रामेण बाणेन रावणः हतः।" — what vibhakti is "रामेण"?
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तृतीया (Tṛtīyā) — "by Rāma" (agent in passive)
4. "माता पुत्राय मोदकम् ददाति।" — what vibhakti is "पुत्राय"?
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चतुर्थी (Caturthī) — "for/to the son" (recipient)
Exercise 2: Short Answer
Translate these sentences using the correct vibhakti
1. The teacher teaches students in the school. (आचार्यः, छात्राः, विद्यालय, पाठयति)
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आचार्यः विद्यालये छात्रान् पाठयति। (विद्यालये = Saptamī, छात्रान् = Dvitīyā plural)
2. The fruit falls from the tree. (फलम्, वृक्ष, पतति)
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वृक्षात् फलम् पतति। (वृक्षात् = Pañcamī)
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